Freshly HARVESTed products due to ease of use and a high nutritional value are highly demanded in market. Production of fresh apples HARVESTed has increased in recent years. In order to maintain quality, freshly HARVESTed red delicious apples, this research was carried out by different levels of calcium compounds. Investigation was performed in factorial complete block design (RCBD) with four replication. The current research involved two factors; different combinations of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium chelated and calcium amino) and various levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/L). The results show that calcium chloride at 7.5 mg/L was the most effective in preventing decay and maintain fruit firmness in red delicious apple. Effect of calcium chloride was noticeable on TSS, calcium level and percentage of weight loss at red delicious apple effect of calcium chelate on some characteristics such as calcium level, percentage of weight loss and TSS were not significantly with calcium chloride. Effects of calcium amino were lower than calcium chloride and calcium chelate on measurement factors.

The present study tries to determine the effect of HARVEST interval (re-growth) on quantitative and qualitative traits of Jerusalem artichoke as a promising forage plant. For this purpose, it has conducted an experiment at the research farm of Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran between 2015 and 2016. The experiment is based on randomized complete block design with three replications and two observations, with its treatments being consisted of different times of HARVESTing forage intervals every two, three, and four months following emergence or regrowth in the first year and every one, two, three, and four months in the second one, in which there has been no replanting. The highest dry weight of leaf, stem, and total forage belongs to HARVEST intervals every two months. The highest crop growth rate, relative growth rate, and biomass duration have been observed in cutting intervals of three, four, and two months, respectively. In the second year, the highest amount of crude protein of total forage is obtained in the cutting interval of one month, with the maximum amount of total forage ADF belonging to cutting interval of four months. Generally, the best time for forage HARVEST occurs every two months due to high yield forage (2056 g/m2), leaf to stem ratio of 0. 53, crude protein of 12. 50%, water-soluble carbohydrates of 3. 89%, ADF of 32. 98%, and NDF of 46. 05% of the Jerusalem artichoke.

Pre-HARVEST sprouting is one of the main factors that reducing the rice grain yield and quality in humid weather condition with raining at HARVEST time. Thirty four local and improved rice cultivars were evaluated for pre-HARVEST sprouting and some related characteristics to this trait at in vivo condition. Analysis of variance results indicated that the differences between rice genotypes were significant for pre-HARVEST sprouting and some other traits of grain. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of pre-HARVEST sprouting with alpha amylase activity were positive, this result showed that the alpha amylase activity had significant effect on pre-HARVEST sprouting. All rice cultivars classified into three groups by cluster analysis using ward method. First group included 24 cultivars and second and third groups included 4 and 6 cultivars respectively. In total, cultivars of the first and third groups had the lowest of pre-HARVEST sprouting rate, so they were resistant to germination before HARVEST and the cultivars of second group had the highest of pre-HARVEST sprouting rate, so they were sensitive to germination before HARVEST. Results of this experiment showed some local rice cultivars such as Domsefid and Hashemi, with high resistance to pre-HARVEST sprouting could potentially be used in breeding programms.

This study was conducted to increase production per unit area in Persian Gulf Shrimp Site (Bandar Mogham) and took in 2010. 6 earthy ponds of 0.8 hectare were used. Shrimp species tested is Litopenaeus vannamei at PL12 age and stocking density was 38 PL/m2 done at 5-April, simultaneously. All ponds tested in this study were contiguous and all culture conditions are same. After 93 days of culture, 3 ponds HARVEST with single-batch method in 7-July. 3 other ponds for partial HARVEST methods selected and only 55 percent of shrimp were caught and 45 percent of shrimp remain for culturing period after partial HARVEST in this pond. After partial HARVESTing shrimp density reach to 14 PL/m2. Culture duration after partial HARVEST was 99 days and final HARVEST occurred in 16-October. After the final HARVEST and calculated total production and profit, the results show increased 121% equal in shrimp production (kg per Pond), 160% equal in gross profit and 234% equal in net revenue (USD per Pond) took part in the pond with partial HARVEST than pond with the single-batch HARVEST. Finally good management took partial HARVEST must increased survival rate, shrimp production with larger size, shrimp produce more and eventually earned net revenue increases.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the HARVEST index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest yield (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain yield and yield components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain yield (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain yield per hectare had the highest correlation with plant yield (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

Purpose: The white mulberry tree (Morusalba) having a low water requirement, is native to Iran. Mulberry leaf extract is a rich chlorophyll source, and natural source of antioxidants and coloring pigments. White mulberry leaf extract was studied in terms of color production ability and antioxidant properties. Research method: The extracts of mulberry leaves were extracted by pure solvents of methanol, acetone, ethanol and 96% and 80% ethanol. Color extraction was investigated at beginning, middle and end of the production season. Antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds, ferric reducing power and color stability were evaluated. Findings: 80% ethanol had a higher extraction rate and was cost-effective. In April and May, more total chlorophyll and carotenoid were extracted than in June. To determine the optimized antioxidant capacity, 100% ethanol solvent, sample to solvent ratio of 1 to 10, and microwave power of 500-watt were used. The leaves phenolic compounds extracted were highest in April (24.01 μg/ml) and lowest in June (19.13 μg/ml). The ferric reducing power was higher in the first samples of the season. Color stability decreased with pH from 6 to 3 and temperature increasing from laboratory temperature to 90°C and receiving light. Research limitations: The extracted color was not investigated in food products. Originality/Value: Chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and ferric reducing power were higher in the leaves at the beginning of the season. Color extraction from leaves HARVESTed in April with 80% ethanol solvent had a higher value while maintaining pH and storage at room temperature in the dark.

A study was conducted to determine resistance of 150 sugarcane varieties to a mixture of stem borers (Sesamia cretica and S. nonagrioides) at HARVEST time in year 2000. Screening for resistance has been carried out under natural infestation in the field condition at two prominent Agro-Industries located in Khuzestan, southern province of Iran. Percentage of bored internodes was used at both stations. In order to unify the findings of two stations, a bored internode index (BII) was created.Since the distribution of the finding was in a normal pattern, an intervals of standard deviation from the mean (ISDM) was developed to classify the varieties. Following the classification, canonical discriminate analysis (CDA) was used to assess the contribution of variables to separation, and also investigate the effectiveness of the classification procedure. The result of CDA confirmed the accuracy of the classification procedure used, showing that 98% of the original data was correctly classified in the predicted group membership. Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group varieties into resistance potential classes. There were no substantial differences between the results obtained by the method of ISDM and those of the cluster analysis. The finding showed a significant positive correlation of Percentage of bored internodes between the two stations. Consequently, in spite of the considerable differences in the levels of bored internodes between two stations, it is concluded that the resistant varieties might be durable. Throughout the research process, varieties of sugarcane have shown a wide spectrum of resistance to stem borers; therefore potential long-term breeding program should address this resistance problem.

Amount of fumonisin B1 in 46 corn samples which were collected preHARVEST, at HARVEST and post HARVEST stages (after drying, befor and after silage) from Golestan province in northern Iran was evaluated. The samples were milled using analytical Romer mill. Fumonisin B1 was extracted with methanol-water (80:20 v/v) solvent, purified by immunoaffmity columns (IACs) and converted to fluorescent derivatives by OPA (Ortho-phetaldehyde).The mycotoxin was quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (Em=335 nm, Exi=440 nm). Standard curve was drawn between 0.3125-40 mg/ml using 6 fumonisin working standards. Validation of the method was estimated by Certified Reference Material (CRM). The percentage mean of recovery obtained using this method was 90.7 %. All samples were contaminated with fumonisin B1, the range of contamination varied from 261 to 6891 ng/g and the mean of contamination was 2658.35 ng/g. There was in significant difference on the contamination of samples at different sampling stages.

South Khorasan province is the largest producer of barberries in Iran and the world, with 14000 hectares and 98.7% of the national barberry production. Knowledge of HARVEST timing, proper HARVESTing and drying methods increase the quality and improve the status of barberries on the domestic and global markets. This study investigated the effect of HARVESTing method (striking, picking up bunches, cutting branches), HARVESTing time (mid-October, late October and mid-November) and drying method (drying in shade, drying in sun, industrial dryer) on product quality. The results showed that the mass density of dried barberries is influenced by HARVESTing and drying methods. Cutting branches caused the lowest mass density (214.86 kg/m3). The lowest colorimetric quality samples were produced by drying in the sun after the first HARVEST time and the best quality was produced by drying in the shade after the third HARVEST time.Results showed that drying in the sun and industrial drying methods reduced the color quality of the product. The results of sensory tests confirmed that the best quality samples were HARVESTed by picking up bunches at the second HARVEST time and shade drying. The lowest assessment was for samples HARVESTed by striking at the first HARVEST time and sun drying.